Reactivity of organic peroxy compounds, specially dialkyl peroxides is described. The knowledge of chemical properties and reactivity of these substances is essential for the understanding of many practical aspects, e.g. the processes of ageing and explosion, waste management and biochemical processes. Peroxides reactions have been systematized using monomolecular and bimolecular fragmentation. Among monomolecular reactions are homolytic and heterolytic decomposition; among bimolecular ionic and radical reactions.

Potentiometric and spectroscopic (EPR and UV-VIS) methods were used to study the oxovanadium(IV) complexation with several 1-hydroxyalkane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acids. Coordination of oxovanadium(IV) to all diphosphonic ligands studied starts at very low pH and formation of the stable monomeric and trinuclear species between pH range 2-9 is observed.

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Zr-Cu-Sn system has been constructed at 770 and 670 K. Two new ternary compounds were obtained and their crystal structure was determined. The ZrCuSn stannide crystallizes with the TiNiSi structure type (space group Pnma, a = 6.6279(1) , b = 4.3679(9) , c = 7.6791(2) ), the ZrCuSn₂ structure belongs to the HfCuSi₂ structure type (space group P4/nmm, a = 4.1350(7) , c = 9.225(3) ). Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of these compounds have been measured.

In the presence of KF^.2H₂O dimethyl phosphite adds preferentially (d.e. 50%) to the si face of the carbonyl group of chalcone epoxide. Under acidic conditions the oxirane ring in the major -hydroxy-ß,-epoxyphosphonate (1S*, 2S*, 3R*)-3a is regio- but not stereoselectively cleaved with methanol and/or water, while the minor one (1R*, 2S*, 3R*)-3b undergoes intramolecular cyclization to form 1,2-oxaphospholan-3,4-diols with full stereoselectivity.

2-Hydroxy- and 2-mercapto-5-nitropyridines as well as their O- (and S-) substituted derivatives enter Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen (VNS) with chloromethyl phenyl sulfone The orientation of the substitution can be controlled by varying the O- (or S-) substituent. The results of VNS in 4-methoxy-3-nitropyridine and 3-methoxy-2-nitropyridine are also reported.

6-Methyl-2-thiouracil (1) was reacted with chloroacetic or 3-bromopropionic acid to give the S-carboxymethyl or ethyluracil derivatives 4 and 5, respectively. Heating of 4 or 5 in acetic anhydride/pyridine affected regioselective cyclocondensation at N-3 of the pyrimidine nucleus to give thiazolopyrimidinedione 2a and pyrimidothiazinedione 3a. When 1 was reacted directly with chloroacetyl chloride or 3-chloropropionyl chloride a mixture of N-1 and N-3 cyclized products (2c + 2d and 3c + 3d, respectively) was formed.

The synthesis and properties of tertiary organic peroxides R'C(CH₃)₂O₂(CH₃)₂CR, where R' = 1- or 2-naphthyl and R = Me, Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, are described.

1,2:3,4,5,6-Tri-O-isopropylidene-D-gluconate (1) undergoes the ß-elimination reaction in the presence of LDA to afford 3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-hex-3-enolactone (6). Attempts to prepare the phosphonate 4 by reaction of 1 with dimethyl methylphosphonate in the presence of LDA failed; only elimination product 6 was isolated from the reaction mixture. The sugar phosphonate 8 (protected form of 4) was prepared from methyl 2-O-benzyl-3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene gluconate (7) by reaction with ^(-)CH₂P(O)(OMe)₂. The crystal structure of 1 is reported.

Formylation of bisphenol-A (1a), with subsequent methylation, oxidation and esterification, gave 2,2-bis-(4-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-propane (11b). It was transformed into 2,2-bis-[4-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-phenyl]-propane (12b) by the addition of methylmagnesium iodide. This carbinol was condensed with phenol in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride and the title compound was isolated as its tetramethyl ether (4b). Its structure of 2,2-bis-[4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxycumyl)-phen-yl]-propane (4a) was confirmed by ¹³C-NMR spectra. In PhOH/HCl medium tetrakisphenol (4a) decomposed and isomerized to bisphenol-A (1a).

Carbanions of 2,4-dinitrobenzyl p-tolyl sulfone (3a) and 5-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzyl p-tolyl sulfone (3b) behave as ambiphilic reagents able to react with nucleophiles and electrophiles. The reaction course depends on the type of the reagent and of the base used in the reaction.

Hydroxy-iron taeniolites were prepared using solutions with a OH/Fe content of about 1.2 and 2.5. Thermal stability of samples was assessed by calcination at temperatures between 473 to 873 K. Acidic properties of surfaces were evaluated using potentiometric titration. The pK_a distributions revealed peaks characteristic for iron complexes (Fe^III) deposited on the surface of clays. Heat treatment resulted in significant changes in the chemistry of the material and creation of new species. After calcination mesoporosity of materials altered significantly. Results obtained demonstrate that iron species are adsorbed mainly on the external surface of taeniolite. Deposition of iron complexes is responsible for the developed mesopore structure of sorbents.

Substituent effects observed for series of N¹,N¹-dimethylformamidines in the hydrogen bonding reaction (as G_HB with 4-fluorophenol) in non polar solvent (CCl₄) have directly been compared with those found in the proton transfer reaction in the gas phase (as GB) and in polar solvent (as G_alc in azeotropic ethanol). Significant differences between the aryl and alkyl subfamilies are observed. For aryl groups almost linear relations are found. There are only slight differences between the transmission of substituent field/inductive and resonance effects to the reaction centre in the hydrogen bonding and proton transfer reactions. For alkyl (simple alkyl, heteroalkyl and arylalkyl) groups no good relations are found. Hydrogen bonding basicity of alkyl groups depends on substituent steric, polarizability and field/inductive effects. Gas-phase basicity depends on substituent polarizability and field/inductive effects and Broensted basicity depends mainly on substituent field/inductive effect.

Excess partial molar thermodynamic functions for the Ag-Tl-Te liquid solutions have been determined along the sections: X_Ag:X_Te = 1:4, 2:3, 1:1 and 3:2. The thermodynamic properties have been discussed in dependence on the number and type of associates existing in the liquid.

A digital system for the measurement of electrochemical noise has been designed and constructed. This system includes a PCI-MIO-16XE-50 board, a 4-channel SCXI-1121 isolation amplifier and an antialiasing SCXI-1141 filter produced by National Instruments. A detailed description of the realized measurement system is given.

Some physico-chemical properties of mineral-carbonaceous sorbents were presented. They were obtained by pyrolysis of either sodium montmorillonite or pillared montmorillonite filled with synthetic polymer. This procedure resulted in the introduction of carbonaceous deposit into the porous structure of the mineral. In the case of the sodium form, nonporous products of carbonization resulted in the increase of basal spacing d₀₀₁ but in the same time they blocked the interlayer spaces. The initial of montmorillonite obtained by intercalation with aluminium hydroxycations led to the formation of a stable microporous system. Sorption of polymer and its carbonization resulted in a formation of carbonaceous deposit on the surface of the mineral with the preservation of relatively high specific surface area and porosity.

The compounds have the formula [M(C₇H₃O₂Cl₂)₂^.4H₂O], where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and their crystals are isomorphous in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 10.151(3) ,
b = 6.221(2) , c = 29.636(6) and ß = 93.51(3) ^o for the Co(II) complex and a = 10.063(3) , b = 6.200(2) , c = 29.820(6) and ß = 93.40(3) ^o for the Ni(II) complex.
The structures were solved by the heavy-atom method and refined to the final R = 0.0293, wR = 0.075 for 3150 observed reflections for the Co(II) complex and R = 0.0487 and wR = 0.116 for 2545 observed reflections for the Ni(II) complex. The metal(II) ion is coordinated by two oxygen atoms of two monodentate carboxylate groups of 3,4-dichlorobenzoate anions and four oxygen atoms from water molecules. The M-O distances range from 2.050(2) to 2.148(2) for the Co(II) complex and from 2.039(3) to 2.111(3) for the Ni(II) complex.

1,5-Bis(p-toluenesulphonamido)-2,4,6,8-tetranitronaphthalene (1,5-TSATNN) [alternative name: N,N'-(2,4,6,8-tetranitronaphthalene-1,5-diyl)-bis(p-toluenesulphonamide)] crystallizes from acetic acid or pyridine with three molar equivalents of solvent. The compound with pyridine is shown to be a 1:1 adduct of bispyridinium salt. Substantial differences between molecular geometries of 1,5-TSATNN and its dianion are found. Naphthalene cores are distorted from planarity in quite different modes and the neutral and deprotonated p-tosylamide groups adopt different rotational conformations. A significant delocalization of the negative charge, observed as shortening of the S-N and N(amide)-C bonds, as well as evidence of conjugation between the amide and nitro groups are found in the dianion.