Nowadays fuel cells with molten alkali carbonates as electrolytes (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells) are extensively developed, especially in USA and Japan, in order to produce electric power in 1-100 MW plants. In these devices a gas mixture of H₂, CO, CH₄, (containing also CO₂ and H₂O, the C-H-O gas mixture), is used as fuel to feed porous anodes based on nickel. On these anodes only hydrogen is oxidized in a direct electrochemical process. Electrochemical equilibria in systems: molten carbonates + fuel gas mixture at metallic electrodes, as well as kinetics of hydrogen electrode reaction in these electrolytes, have been extensively investigated during last decades. Papers concerning these topics are reviewed and conclusions formulated in the literature are presented and compared.

The reactions of encapsulation of iron(II) by template cross-linking of tris-dioximates with tin(IV) bromide and fluoride have been studied. The clathrochelate structures of synthesized complexes of the general composition (HAm)₂[FeD₃(SnX₃)₂] (where D^2- is the dianion of the corresponding dioxime, X - fluoride or bromide, Am - organic amine) were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, NMR ( ¹H, ¹³C { ¹H}, ¹⁹F, ¹¹⁹Sn) and Moessbauer (¹¹⁹Sn) spectra. The distorted trigonal antiprismatic coordination surrounding of iron(II) atom and electron density distribution was obtained from Moessbauer (⁵⁷Fe) parameters. For synthesized clathrochelate complexes of methylglyoxime two isomers (fac and mer) have been identified from NMR (¹³C { ¹H}, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectra.

Silver(I) complexes with isomers of pyridinedicarboxylic acids were prepared and studied. The IR spectra and X-ray diffractograms were recorded and their thermal decomposition in static air was investigated. During heating the hydrated complexes decompose to free silver directly (-2,6-, -3,5-) or with intermediate formation anhydrous of ones (-2,3-, -2,4-, -2,5-). The prepared complexes are sparingly soluble in water (10^-4-10^-5 mol dm^-3).

¹³C, ¹⁵N and ⁷⁷Se NMR data are reported for eleven compounds. The chemical shifts are found to be fairly typical for the compounds studied. A number of one-, two- and three-bond spin-spin coupling values are given. These serve to enhance the previously spare data in particular for ²J(⁷⁷Se-¹⁵N) and ³J(⁷⁷Se-¹⁵N).

¹⁵N NMR data are reported for three phenophosphazines. The results found for the ¹⁵N chemical shifts and ¹J(¹⁵N-¹H) couplings are consistent with the structures given for these compounds. The potential prototropic equilibrium anticipated for compound 1 is found not to occur in DMSO solution at room temperature.

Nitration of alfa-tocopherol acetate 1b yielded 5-nitromethyl-gamma-tocopherol acetate 2b. The acetate 2b was converted to free phenol 2a by transesterification in methanol. Reduction of 2b by NaBH₄ in ethyl acetate and methanol gave 5-(2-hydroxypropyl)-gamma-tocopherol 5a and 5-methoxymethyl-gamma-
-tocopherol 6 respectively.

2,6-Dialkoxy-7,9-dimethylpurinium iodides 1 undergo thermal transformation to 1,3,7-trialkylxanthines 2 as a result of C₆O–>N_x, C₂O–> N_x, N₉–>N_x and N₇–>N_x (when x = 1, 3 or 7) alkyl group migration. Intra- or intermolecular character of rearrangement was studied using deuterium-labelled derivatives of 1, and by cross-over experiment with salts 1a* and 1c.
The ¹H NMR spectra of 1,3,7-trialkylxanthines 2 (R = Me, Et) are presented.

Mean molecular polarizabilities, polarizability anisotropies and diamagnetic susceptibilities of nematogenic homologous series of trans-4-alkyl(4-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexanes (ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and heptyl) are estimated applying a new technique using infrared spectral data. A close agreement is found between the values estimated by the present method and the reported data.

A simple and realistic model of a chemical system exhibiting bistability is studied by cellular automata approach. The obtained results are compared with solution of the master equation and molecular dynamics simulations.

In aqueous acidic solution perborate generates hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of iodide ion to iodine at 35^oC follows the rate law -d[oxidant]/dt = (0.367 [I^-][H⁺] + 1.96x10^-2[I^-] + 9.78x10^-4) [oxidant].
The mechanism of oxidation is discussed.

Monte Carlo simulations of adsorption of associating fluids in slit-like and spherical pores were performed assuming an orientational-dependent associating potential with two bonding sites. The simulations have indicated that the number of associates depends on the pore shape and is different in different parts of the system. Orientational ordering of the particles was also investigated. At the surface, the associates assume orientation parallel to the pore wall. The length of the clusters formed is different in different parts of the pore.

3,6-Diazidopyridazine, C₄H₂N₈, is present in the azido-tetrazole tautomeric form in the crystalline state. The crystals are isostructural with the crystals of 7-azido-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine. The orientation of the azide substituent is identical in these compounds, but the pyridazine ring is stronger deformed compared to the pyrimidine analogue.

Trisaquo(pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato) magnesium(II) monohydrate, MgC₆H₁₄N₂O₈ crystals are monoclinic, Cc, a = 8.444(2) Å, b = 18.153(4) Å, c = 7.416(1) Å, ß = 114.49(3) deg., Z = 4. The structure consists of molecular chains propagating in the [101] direction. Magnesium ions are bridged by the 2,3-pzdc molecules via the oxygen atom of the monodentate carboxylic group (Mg-O = 2.037 Å) on one side and a (N, O) moiety on the other side ( Mg-N = 2.246 Å, Mg-O = 2.056 Å). Three water molecules (mean Mg-O = 2.062 Å) complete a fairly regular octahedral enviroment around the magnesium ion. An extensive hydrogen bond system is responsible for the stability of the crystal.

The crystal structure of the trinuclear iron(III) complex [Fe₃O(C₆H₅COO)₆(H₂O)₃]^.3-Cl-PyH^.(CH₃C₆H₄SO₃)₂^.2H₂O has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 14.281(3), b = 17.815(4), c = 25.844(5)Å, ß = 93.72(3) and Z = 4. The final R-value is 0.045 for 2940 reflections with I equal or greater than 2sigma(I). The complex cation [Fe₃O(C₆H₅COO)₆(H₂O)₃]⁺ is situated on a crystallographic two-fold axis and has a typical geometry of the trinuclear iron(III) compound with µ₃-O bridge. The 3-Cl-PyH⁺ cation is disordered over two positions, in which it interacts via H-bond with the tosylate anion. This cation is also intercalated between phenyl rings of the two benzoate groups, indicating that ¶-¶-interactions may be of some importance in stabilizing this crystal structure. All structural fragments are connected via H-bonds into two-dimensional network.